每日英语 · 2026-10-28
All that is gold does not glitter, / Not all those who wander are lost.
J. R. R. Tolkien · The Fellowship of the Ring · 1954 · 第一卷第十章 Strider,甘道夫写给阿拉贡的诗(The Riddle of Strider)开头两行
译文
金子未必都闪光,流浪者未必都迷途。
语法
- 两行都是部分否定:All ... not 和 Not all ... 表示“并非所有……都……”,不是“所有……都不……”。All that is gold does not glitter 的意思是“是金子的未必都闪闪发光”,而不是“金子都不发光”。这是英语里很容易误解的点,类似的还有 All that glitters is not gold(闪光的未必都是金子,莎士比亚《威尼斯商人》)。Tolkien 正是故意把这句老话反过来说。
- 主干拆解:第一行主语是 All that is gold(that is gold 是定语从句,修饰 all,that 在从句里作主语),谓语是 does not glitter;第二行主语是 Not all those who wander(who wander 是定语从句修饰 those),系动词 are,表语 lost。
- lost 在这里是过去分词作形容词,表示状态“迷失的”,are lost 是系表结构而不是被动语态。
词汇
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glitter /ˈɡlɪtər/ v. / n.
闪闪发光;(名词)光彩、浮华
搭配:glitter with(因……闪烁);the glitter of fame(名利的浮华)
Her eyes glittered with excitement.
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wander /ˈwɑːndər/ v.
漫游、闲逛;(思绪)走神
搭配:wander around / off;my mind wandered(我走神了)
I let my mind wander during the long meeting.
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lost /lɔːst/ adj.
迷路的;迷茫的
搭配:get lost(迷路;口语里也有“走开”的意思);be lost in thought(陷入沉思)
He was so lost in thought that he missed his stop.
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not all phrase
并非所有(部分否定)
搭配:not all ... / not every ... / not always ...
Not all bugs are in the code; some are in the requirements.
笔记
小结:all/every/always 和 not 搭在一起,通常是“并非都”。小练习:试着翻译 Not every compiler warning is harmless. 想一想它和 No compiler warning is harmless 意思差在哪。